Inclusive conservation and critical localism

This paper explores inclusive conservation through the lens of critical localism, examining the complex power dynamics between conservation efforts and Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPLCs). It addresses how conservation has evolved from exclusionary ‘fortress conservation’ approaches toward more inclusive models and analyses how conservation frameworks highlight tensions around power devolution, rights recognition and knowledge integration. It emphasises that conservation is fundamentally an exercise of multidimensional power. The report concludes with principles for effective inclusive conservation: meaningful governance and decisionmaking, secure land tenure, equitable benefit-sharing, integration of diverse knowledge systems, multi-scale linkages, adaptive management approaches and integration of conservation with development goals. These principles aim to balance community autonomy with appropriate support while honouring community rights, knowledge and agency.